Root-Knot Nematode
Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, M. arenaria
Overview
The most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, causing characteristic galls (knots) on roots that interfere with water and nutrient uptake. Affects thousands of plant species.
Symptoms
Swollen, knotty galls on roots (diagnostic). Stunted growth and yellowing of foliage. Wilting during hot periods despite adequate moisture. Reduced yield. Secondary root rot infections common on damaged roots.
Environmental Conditions
Hot
Prevention
Rotate with non-host crops (grasses, small grains). Plant resistant varieties. Solarize soil. Add organic matter to promote nematode-suppressive soil biology. Use nematode-free transplants.
Management
Solarize soil for 4-6 weeks. Apply biological controls (Paecilomyces, Bacillus firmus). Incorporate nematode-suppressive cover crops (marigolds, sudangrass, mustard). Add chitin-based amendments.