Stem Rust
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici
Overview
A devastating rust disease of wheat and other cereals that can cause complete crop loss. Historically one of the most feared plant diseases, with new virulent races (Ug99) threatening global wheat production.
Symptoms
Reddish-brown, elongated pustules on stems, leaf sheaths, and sometimes leaves. Pustules rupture epidermis and release masses of spores. Stems may weaken and lodge. Black teliospores form late in season.
Environmental Conditions
Humid
Prevention
Plant resistant varieties. Eradicate barberry (alternate host). Early planting to avoid peak spore periods. Monitor for new virulent races. Fungicide application at first signs.
Management
Apply triazole or strobilurin fungicides at first signs. Plant resistant varieties. Eradicate barberry bushes. Harvest early if infection is severe. Report unusual rust outbreaks to authorities.