Root Maggot

*Anthomyiidae*

Content coming soon for this insect guide.

Insect Profile

Beneficial Rating

-4 Pest

Active Months

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

US Distribution

NortheastMidwestPacific Northwest

Habitat Preferences

Gardensagricultural fields

Taxonomic Group

Fly

Order

Diptera

Family

Anthomyiidae

Lifecycle

Root maggots overwinter as pupae in the soil near previously infested crops. In the spring, adult flies, which resemble small houseflies, emerge and lay their eggs in the soil near the base of host plants. The eggs hatch in 4-10 days, and the small, white, legless larvae, or maggots, burrow into the soil to feed on the roots of the plants. The larval stage lasts for approximately three weeks, during which they cause significant damage to the root systems. After this feeding period, the larvae pupate in the soil for at least two weeks before emerging as the next generation of adult flies. There are typically multiple, overlapping generations of root maggots throughout the growing season.

Overwintering Strategy

Pupae overwinter in the soil near the roots of previously infested plants.

Native Range

Holarctic region

Attracted By

Radishcarrotsturnipsonionscabbagecauliflowercollardskalebroccoliand other brassicas

Repelled By

Aromatic herbsgarliconionsdiatomaceous earthwood ashhot pepper

Organic Control Methods

Organic control of root maggots focuses on preventing the adult flies from laying eggs and controlling the larvae. Physical barriers such as floating row covers can be placed over crops to prevent adult flies from accessing the plants. Cardboard or paper collars can be placed around the base of individual plants to deter egg-laying. Diatomaceous earth, wood ash, or hot pepper dust can be applied around the base of plants to repel adult flies. If an infestation occurs, beneficial nematodes (Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) can be applied to the soil to parasitize and kill the root maggot larvae. Rove beetles (Dalotia coriaria) are also effective predators of root maggot eggs and larvae. Yellow sticky traps can be used to monitor and trap adult flies. At the end of the season, it is important to remove and destroy all crop debris, especially the roots of infested plants, to reduce the number of overwintering pupae.

Companion Planting

Companion planting with aromatic herbs may help deter root maggot flies. Planting members of the allium family, such as garlic and onions, nearby may offer some protection to susceptible crops. Intercropping with non-host plants can also help to confuse the pests and make it more difficult for them to find their target crops.